grunwald



4 Sheets-Sheet i.

J. AGRITNWALD. CIRCULAR LOOM.

No.2 6,585. Patented 1160.211859] beets-Sh et 2. v J. A. GRUNWALD.

CIRCULAR LOOM.

No. 26,585. Patented Dec; 27,1859,

UNITED STATES I PATE T OFFICE.

JOSEF A. GRUNWALD, or new YORK, N. Y.

CIRCULAR LOOM.

Specification forming-part of Letters Patent No. 26,585, dated December 27, 1859.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OSEF A. 'GniiN- WALD, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Circular Loom for Weaving and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had l 'to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

In the accompanying drawings, the Sheets I, Ii, III, and IV exhibit views .of the diflerent parts drawn in full size, except Fig. 2 on Sheet III, which is. drawn half-size and shows tissues or textures are woven in a circular form resembling tubes, and in order to accomplish which-the machine performs the following operations: First, the loom is arranged to take up a-nnnnber of warps in such a man.- ner as to admit of their running 011' again successively durin g the "process of weaving, maintainin g, however, the necessary tension on each spool and thread; second, the warps are placed alternately above and below the weftthreads, and carried then alternately and ulti mately to that part where they are joined to one another; third, the spooled weft-threads are run off the spools while the spool-carriages are revolving, with suitable arrangements on thesame to'maintain the requiredtension of the weft-threads in order to join the, warps; fourth, the machine is thrown out of gear and stopped, as soon as any one of i the weftthrcad's break off; fifth, the manufactured article is taken away from the inachinie as fast as it is finished and at a regular tension.

The loom consists of threefprincipalsubdi- -vis ions--namely, the upper portioni'which contains the spoofing-frames or supports for" the.

warp-bobbins; secondly, theneixt or middle part, wherethe warps and wefts are joined and the manufactured product is made and delivered, and, thirdly,the lower part, which L ,Qostains the weaving machinery. The warps are brought down from the bobbins and pass:

between guides or levers, which are alternately elevated and depressed toward the. center of the machine. The wefts aremade to revolve in a'horiz ontal circular plane, by

which, in conjunction with;thealternate motion of thewarps, the wcavingis acconiplished.

Sheet I, Fig. 9, shows a horizontal section through the middle part and represents a plan I of the weaving machinery. I Fig. 15, Sheet II represents a vertical section of .the sameand of the driving mechanism-in thelower part of thelooin. M I

A andB are plates to whichthe machinery is attached. The same are =connectedwith each other tliroughsuitable distance-pieces so as to leave sufficient space between them for I the necessary mechanism. The lower plate,

B, has feet. B attached, which grest onxtlle I foundation-plate q, on which the. 100111 iscentered capable of turning, for the purpose hereinafter described, snflicient space being .left between those platesB and .q for thewheels G and G and their. necessary supports. a The wheel Gr, which-receives motion by anyordir nary means, isattached to an upright shaft or spindle, F, and gears into the pinion G, which latter is fixed on thevertical or main shaft Y in theeenter of the machine. To this shaftfY awheel, a, is fixed; (the half-plan of which is shown in Fig.24;', SheetIl,)l 1whichlhas an cecentric groove, a, onits upper surface.

A are projections on the upper surface .of the plate A, (see Figs. Qand 10,,Sheet.I,)

placed equidistantfrom the central axisof the 1 loom, with snflicient distance between: each pair for the warp-guides m and m ,to move. To these projectionsA' pins kl'are fastened to act as fulcrums for thewarp-guides.

D D are projections onthenpper surface of the plate A, and so arranged as to formbetween them on their top surfaeaportions of a circular groove inwhichthe weft-carriages move.

That portion of theweft-carriagewhich enters 1 and fits said groove between. the projections O. and (Y ismade suificientlength to enter one groove before leavingtheotlier, and is represented in Fig. 12, Sheet I, marked to, and by the dotted linesin Fig. 5, Sheet IV, and is provided with aspur-segment, which is acted upon at all times by the spu'r-pinio'ns g, one takingon before the other. has leftoif.

These spur-pinions g-are fastened .to the up- .per endof the spindles I, provided with simi-- lar pinions, g, fastened near the lower end, and vwhich latter gear into the wheel a, fast groove ,a' on the wheels, by which'means, by the revolution .of the wheel ti, said projections on the endof the levels K, by their motion in the eccentric groove a, vibrate the levers jL,.whieh communicates a rising and falling motion to the levers or warp guides m m.

11, Fig. 9, Sheet 1, are columns fastened to the plate A, which support on their top the plate P, Sheet III. To this plate P upright standsj-(shown in Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet III) are attached at equal distances apart to support and carry the warp-bobbins r, aswell as the thread guides and tension arrangement. The upper ends of the stands are fastened to- .'get-h er by a plate which covers up the machinef .The warps descend from the spoolsor bobbins r downward on the outside of the machine,-xthen over, guides-i. near the fulcrum of the warp- .gnides mand m, along and between said guides to their ends,-then between pins 5 tin theends of said warp-guides, and then toward the: center of the machine. The weft-bobbins "r .-h'a ve the weft-threads passing from them, tending toward the center of the machine, as will be hereinafter described. It may be here --that two weft-bobbins areabsolutely neces sa r'y, and for manufacturing some descriptions .of' naterlal more than two are requisite. It

will be seen that by the alternate rising and fitllingof-t-he warp-guides the weft'is bymeans f of its rotation interwoven with the warp. The

.le i" rsLoperate upon the warp-guides in such manner asto cause every other one of these fgiiijdes,';togethcrwith their,warp-thread, to be alternately elevated and depressed, one weft -.,hei;ng'; on one side of the machine over the warp-guides marked m, and under ,those marked m, and on the other side of the ma. chine ever those marked at and under those marke on. (See Fig. 9, Sheet I.)

.To' insure uniformity of tension on'the warps, levers and weights are applied, as seen inpian in Fig. 1, and in elevation in Fig. 3,

Sh-etlll. I Fig. 2 on Sheet'III represents the iosition of the bobbins r and the'direction of the v'varps, niltrom bobbins to the warp-guides b'elnivL; Q-At'Qne end of a lever (marked No. 1) aj, small open :ring, a:, 'is provided, which -rc.-, cei'vjejs' 'thejwarp thread from the bobbin r, (in the manufacture of. silk fabrics glass is pre-- -'ferredf( r:this pnrpose,) and tothe other end' of thisgleve'r a small weight, a1, is fixed. The axis of this lever is formed by a bent wire,'q",

as to attached to'tlieflupriglit stand j, and which acts first as an azris to the lever marked No. 1,

passesthenthrongh the next. upright'stand j, "and acts, where marked '41, as axis to the lever N0. 2. This wire'is then bent upv'vard and back'again, soas to limit, where marked q, the upward noti'on of lever No. 1, The lever No.2 presses with its foremost end on 'the angular edge of the spool or bobbin 1 in vproportion to its. weight .40 fixed on the other .end of the same, and thus serves as a brake. The lever No.1 passes with its weighted arm under the weighted end of the leverNo. 2, so that the part which constitutes-the brake is thereby relieved when necessary, and thereby any inequality of tension corrected. The weight w" on the leverINo. 2 should be regulated according to the nature of the material manufactured, but the same should never be so light as to' cause the spool to letjthethread go before lever No. 1 has lifted up the weightat! on the end of the lever No. 2.

" The contrivance'by which the loom takes up th spooled weft-threads in such a manner allow the same 'beingdelivered during the process of weaving, and at the. sametinle maintain the necessarytensionuto jointhe warps, is shown on Sheet-IV, in which Fig. 1-, represents an elevation, and Fig. 5 a plan, 0fv the weft-bobbin carriage. The bow (marked '0) .is fastened to the bottom of the carriage w, and bent sufiiciently large for-the" weft'bobbin -r" to turn freely, and at the same time ,keep the warp-threads coming from the 'end o'f.

the warp-guides and -running .toward the center of the loom clear :ot'gthdWr'aft-bbbbin,

The weft-bobbin rrevolves around-annpright spindle or pin, 8, fastened to thepiece im-andis prevented from flyingroundfasterfthan the weft? is. drawn 'ofi' by. "the sprlng -d. acting against its face. The weft-thread passes from the bobbin 1' through an e'y'eor book, 1:,- then between two pulleys, and ,and'through an eye, c, then througli'fa ho e in the extreme,

end of the longestarm'pf the lever f, passe's Y 5 then through a hole near the centerin-thebow 'v, and through the: end of the lever 70, from; whence it passes towerd t-he center of the 109111 to join the warps."- Th eftn'illey. uf is lgrooved and is attached to a sliding piece, 4., capable of turningfreely iii-the same.

This sliding piece 0 passes throughone side of the bow c, and is acted upon by a spiral springz, which presses the pulley u against the pulley o'rr'oller 3 seats to produce the required tension onthe weft-thread while passing between the pulley. u and roller 31., The rollery isrounded on its. circumference and tits into the groove of 'the pulley u. The same turns freely on apin fast-s sued to the piece it, which formsthe bottom of the carriage. The lever f turns on afulcruin', 0, fast. to the piece w. The lower-and'shortest .arm of said lever f is attached to the sliding piece-c, and, as before mentioned, the -we f t thread passes through theend of the longest .arm'of said lever, Any extreme tensioh; there- 0 .0 2 rm. 0P

81 to puihthis esses y 3 end inward, so that its other end, connected with the sliding piece c, pulls said sliding piece, together with thegrooved pulley m, away from the roller 3 and thus releases the pressure on the weft-threadlin its passage from the bobbin 1". The lever It moves on a fulcrum attached to the lower part of the how '0 onthe opposite side of the lever f, and iskept in its position by the tension and strength of the weft-thread, which passes through the...

end of its longest and heaviest arm, as before mentioned. In case the weft-thread breaks,

this arm of the lever It falls down by its own revolving in bearings provided on the frame- T, which is united to the under side of the plate P, which latter carries the warp-bobbins. On the shaft M is a toothed wheel, U, which" gears into the wheel 0, fixed on the horizontal shaft N. At the opposite end of the horizontal shaft M a pulley,. W, is 'fixed, having its periphery serrated, (the edges, however, are smooth,) each alternate tooth being set in a contrary direction, and thus form a groove,

the revolution of which draws out the manu-- factored article without the possibility of its slipping offl 'At the opposite end of that already referred to of the horizontal shaft N is a roller, W, which bears upon asmaller roller, W, to which latter motion is communicated by means of spur-pinions, and a slight pressure is given. to the manufactured article, which passes between these rollers, by means of a spiral spring. The material is conducted from the center of the loom over guide-pul1eys t 2 toward the serrated pulley W, from thence between the rollers W and W, and removed to any convenient place.

The mode of stoppin g the machine when one of the weft-threads breaks is represented on Sheet 1V. As soon'as a weft-thread breaks, the arm Ia, which, as beforedescri'bed, is held up by the, strength of the thread, falls down by its own weight, by which its other end or arm, k, is brought upward; In one or more places upright spindles N are attached to the plate A, or to any projection on the same, having on both ends arms 6 and e, projecting horizontally and situated in opposite directions. Against the upper arm, 6, the armk (which clears said arm 0 while the arm is is held up bythc strength of the thread) will strike as soon as the weft-thread breaks and the arm ki'alls down by its own weight, turning thereby the spindle N partly round, so

that its lower arm, c, strikes against the leverd, whose lower partmoves the .leverp, which; is connected throughthe rod n'with the bellcrank o,'operating the same so that its other arm, 0, comes against the periphery of the wheel G, acting as a brake on said' iwheeland holding the samefastyinwhieh case the motive powcr,which gears into said wheelG, turns thcreby'the whole loom around its own 'axis in the plate q,and thus throws them'a chine out of motion. Thelbell-crank'o o is acted upon by spiral springs 10",, To: the bell-crank o o a lever, n, is attached, whose lower end comes in contact with a small projection, w', fastenedon the plate q, for. the

purpose of counteracting the effect of the springs 70 while the machine is in motion. When the machine requires to be stopped, the

lever m is: brought clear of the stopor'pro-- jectionw by. acting on the end of the lever p, which allows then the springs k' to act as before described, so as to} foreethe armoof the bell'crank against the periphery of the wheel G. i

I Instead of arranging the mechanism for driving the weft-bobbin ,carriage's and'the warpguides as above described, the same may be arranged as represented in Fig. 1, Sheet IV. The main shaft in this case is madehollow, or consists of a tube, 3 having suitable b'earingsinthe bottom plate, g This arrange ment ,facilitates theint-roduction throughthe center of different articles which require to be woven over. To this shaft or tube)!" the wheel G is attached between the plates i B and q. The eccentrics is separatedfrom the wheel a, which latter is attached totthe,

tube Y near its upper end, and close toil-the under side of the plate A, while theeccentric a is attached" lower down and near to: the

plate 13. By this arrangement more space is t given for the levers which work the warp I guides, as wellas for theeccentric itselfi and X allows a varietyofeceentrics suitable "tothe different kind of articles ,tobe manufactured to be introduced with facility, as well ,asvthe" application of four, six, or more weft-bobbin carriages. Another advantage of this arr-an gement is that the pinions .g and 9, instead of requiring to be attached separately to the spindle l, on account of the great distaucebetween the wheel wand the weft-carriage, may a be cast both together in one piece, which not only reduces the expense, but gives a greater security, asthe successful operation of the loom depends much .on the accuracy of its moving parts. r i r i i a What I claim as my invcntiomand desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The manner of weaving in a horizontal circular plane by means of two or more wefts and an arrangement of warps iplaced alternately above and below the weft-threads, arranged and constructedin the manner sub stantially as described. i i

2. The arrangement of the weft-bobbin carriage, in combination with the arrangement of regulating the tension on the weft-thread, substantially as described.

3. The arrangement and construction of the tensionlevers for the purpose of maintaining the tension'of the way-threads, as well as the friction against the warp-bobbins, acting together in the manner and for the'purpose substantially as set forth.

4. The arrangement of the serrated pulley W, in combination with the rollers W and W, operating together in the manner described, and for the purpose of delitering the manufactured article as fast as finished and at a regular tension, substantially as specified,

5. The arrangement of the disengaginggcar, constructed as described, and for the' 

